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P-38 HARDSTAND -- John Stanaway One of the things that conventional
WWII aviation wisdom holds is that the P-51 Mustang was the hands down
winner in every category of European war history. Now, I don’t want any
misunderstanding: the Mustang was a corker in European and Mediterranean
combat, and even the most ardent P-38 advocate will give the North
American fighter its due as a cracker jack in aerial combat. However,
the record in the Mediterranean gives the P-38 top honors with
subordination only to Britain’s immortal Spitfire in any significant
degree.
The P-38 had its first large scale
deployment anywhere during the Operation Torch Morocco landings in
November, 1942. With its exceptional ferrying range, the P-38 was flown
directly across the Bay of Biscay to North Africa with three squadrons
of the 1st Fighter Group and two others of the 14th Fighter Group.
Those green Yankees were thrown into the fight against savvy veterans of
the Luftwaffe and Regia Aeronautica, and took some lumps while learning
the ropes, but offered enough quality to have American theater leaders
try to have every P-38 they could lay their hands on diverted to the
area, and to declare that the invasion could not have progressed without
the fighter.
Later, when the 82nd Fighter Group
entered combat with its P-38s, the crack American Fighter unit of the
Mediterranean began its record. With finely honed discipline and almost
fanatical pride of arms in their Lockheed fighter the three squadrons of
the group became the highest scoring American unit with more than five
hundred confirmed claims. Only the 31st Fighter Group claimed more
enemy aircraft shot down by the end of the war, but did not surpass the
82nd’s score until March 1945.
Final count of enemy aircraft
claimed gives the P-38 about 1400 against 1100 for the P-51 (depending
on which count you accept). Only the Spitfire seems to have claimed
more aircraft in the theater in much wider service over longer periods.
The heritage of the P-38 is lost amid the furor of P-51 deployment in
the ETO around the D-Day monopoly of public relations. The relative
value of individual types of aircraft was fixed on what the
correspondents believed at the time of the Normandy invasion, and the
fighter type of the moment was the P-51. The North American fighter was
a great one, but it fought its war largely on the ground won by other
types, notably our beloved Lockheed P-38 Lightning. |